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The Fischer Defense to the King's Gambit is a chess opening variation that begins with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. f4 exf4 :3. Nf3 d6 Although 3...d6 was previously known,〔For example, George H. D. Gossip and S. Lipschütz noted that 3...d6 was "a move advised by Stamma, and which Mr. Löwenthal thinks may be safely adopted", and that "the game is even" after 4.Bc4 or 4.d4. G. H. D. Gossip and S. Lipschütz, ''The Chess-Player's Manual'' (3rd ed. 1902), David McKay, p. 491. OCLC 3727518.〕 it did not become a major variation until Fischer advocated it in a famous 1961 article in the first issue of the ''American Chess Quarterly''.〔Bobby Fischer, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", ''American Chess Quarterly'', Vol. 1, No. 1 (Summer 1961), pp. 3–9.〕〔(A Bust to the King's Gambit ). ChessCafe.com. Retrieved on 2009-11-16.〕 In the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'', the Fischer Defense is given the code C34. ==History== After Bobby Fischer lost a 1960 game〔(Boris Spassky vs Robert James Fischer (1960) )〕 at Mar del Plata to Boris Spassky, in which Spassky played the Kieseritzky Gambit, Fischer left in tears〔Carl Schreck; Moscow Patzer: A Bread Run With the Great Bronstein {http://carlschreck.com/displayArticle.php?article_id=91, which cites: http://rsport.netorn.ru/ech/khariton/bron2.htm〕 and promptly went to work at devising a new defense to the King's Gambit. In Fischer's 1961 article, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", he claimed, "In my opinion the King's Gambit is busted. It loses by force."〔Fischer, p. 4.〕 Fischer concluded the article with the famous line, "Of course White can always play differently, in which case he merely loses differently. (Thank you, Weaver Adams!)"〔Fischer, p. 9. Fischer was alluding to a statement by Adams, author of the controversial book ''White to Play and Win'', who famously claimed that White won by force with best play, and that if Black played differently from the lines given by Adams, he "merely loses differently".〕 The article became famous.〔Nick de Firmian refers to "A Bust to the King's Gambit" as "Bobby Fischer's famous article". Nick de Firmian, ''Modern Chess Openings (15th edition)'', McKay Chess Library, 2008, p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8129-3682-7.〕〔Andrew Soltis calls it "a celebrated article". Andrew Soltis, in Karsten Müller, ''Bobby Fischer: The Career and Complete Games of the American World Chess Champion'', Russell Enterprises, Inc., 2009, p. 29. ISBN 978-1-888690-68-2.〕 Remarkably, Fischer later played the King's Gambit himself with great success,〔()〕 including winning all three tournament games in which he played it.〔(Fischer–Evans, 1963–64 U.S. Championship ). ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-16.〕〔(Fischer–Minic, Vinkovci 1968 ). ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-16.〕〔(Fischer–Wade, Vinkovci 1968 ). ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-16.〕 However, he played the Bishop's Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Bc4) rather than the King's Knight Gambit (3.Nf3), the only line that he analyzed in his article. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「King's Gambit, Fischer Defense」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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